article: “psychology in the arab countries”

“psychology in the arab countries” by Ramadan A. Ahmed in Gielen, Uwe, Adler Leonore, and Milgram, Norman eds. Psychology in Intl Persp. Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger B.V., 1992

127-first mental health hospital, est. 8^th ce in Damascus, soon followed by ones in bagdhad and cairo

-Maskawain (d. 1030) dvlpd idea 4 mental hygiene in islmc thot, looked for causes of mental illness

-avicenna (980-1037) is considered among the first psychiatrists—his books (128) talked on anxiety hysteria, depression, speech difficulties, manic-depression

-invented diagnoses and treatments; considered psychgy part of nat science; talked on hereditary and environmental influences on behavior

-his ideas travelled to eurp via ibn rushd (averroes, 1126-1198)

-Al Ghazali (1058-1111), analyzed kids, used introspection before w. wundt

-ibn-khaldun (1332-1406) talked on learning process, envrnmnt’s effects

-mod psychology introduced to Egypt and Lebanon early 20^th ce, while Iraq, sudan, and Syria didn’t get it until 1950s, rest got it in the 60s

129-even now not a subject of interest in Somalia, Mauritania, Djibouti, and Comoros

-egypt has most psychgsts thru MC (64% of all arab pschgy studies)

-1930s first Egyptians trained started teaching and doing own research

146-most countries still haven’t made many studies, not often translated to western langs

147-restricted on areas of research in conservative countries

-only Egyptians have invented psychological theoretical models